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如何撰寫營銷策劃方案

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 SOSTAC PLANNING SYSTEM / 運用 SOSOTAC 系統 撰寫策略性營銷傳播策劃方案 Stage /步驟 Section of plan /策劃階段 Which answers… /所解決的問題 S Situation/現狀 Where are we now?/我們現在在哪里?

 O Objectives/目標 Where do we want to be?/我們準備去哪里?

 S Strategy/策略 How do we get there—broad steps?/我們如何到達那里-主要的步驟是哪些?

 T Tactics/戓術 How do we get there—individual steps?/我們如何達到那里-每一個詳細步驟是哪些?

 A

 Action/行動 What are the specific actions required for each individual tactical step?How do we get people to do them?/每一個詳細的戓術步驟需要采取哪些具體行動?如何安排人力資源去完成任務?

 C

 Control/控制 How do we know we have arrived?/我們如何知道是否已經到達目標?

 S OSTAC

 Stage 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal) 1.1

 performance, Competencies And Policies S OSTAC 步驟 1: 現狀分析 (內部)1.1

  業績,競爭能力和競爭方針

  Key Result Area 關鍵參數 Specific area 具體參數 Past/present performance 過去/現在的業績參數 Strength 優勢 Weakness 弱勢 Trend

 improving or … 趨勢,改善戒... Performance

 業績 Profits /

  利潤 Sales /

 銷售額 Market’s share/

 市場份額 Market segments/市場細化 Positioning/

  市場定位 Return/trend

  利潤率/趨勢 Turnover trend

 營業額趨勢 Leader/follower

 市場領導/跟隨者 Market spread

 市場覆蓋率 N0.1 or No.10?

  第一或第十位

 Product portfolio/產品組成 Single or spread

  單一或系列產品 Competencies 競爭能力 Marketing

 市場營銷 Production

  生產 Financial

  資金 Technology

 技術 Human resource 人力資源 Management

 管理 Particularly good or bad?

  很差或好? Operating efficiency

 生產效率 Profitability

  利潤率 Leading edge or follower?領先或跟隨? Skill base management?

 技能管理?

 Policy

 競爭方針 Risk seeker/averse 冒險/回避冒險 Discontinuous/continuous

  間斷/連續 innovations/extensions

 創新/擴張

  S OSTAC

 Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal) 1.2

 Marketing Mix and Service mix S OSTAC 步驟 1(續): 現狀分析 (內部)1.2

 市場營銷組合和服務組合

  Key Result Area 關鍵參數 Specific area 具體參數 Past/present performance 過去/現在的業績參數 Strength 優勢 Weakness 弱勢 Trend

 improving or … 趨勢,改善戒... Marketing Mix 營銷組合 Product

 產品

 Price

  價格

 Place

  通路 Promotion

  促銷

 Quality

  產品質量 Product portfolio

  產品組成 Costs

 成本 Prices

 價格 Distribution penetration

 分銷網絡建設 Integrated Communication audit

 整合傳播審核 Mix …

  促銷組成

  Positioning

 促銷定位

 Service Mix 服務組合 People

  人員

 Processes

 流程

 Physicals

 標識系Skill base and motivation

  技能和干勁 Staff turnover

 人均營業額 Front counter and back

  全程服務流程 Office processes Physical evidence

  標識物

 統 (buildings/uniforms)

  (建筑/制服)

  S OSTAC

 Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal) 1.3

 Customer Mix

 S OSTAC 步驟 1(續): 現狀分析 (內部)1.3

  客戶組合

  Customers

 客戶分類 Segments 市場區隔 Size of segment 區隔觃模 Potential 目標市場潛力 Profitability (high, medium or low) 利潤率(高、中、低)

 Distribution channels (accessible through…?) 鋪貨渠道(通過何種渠 道 到 達 市 場 終端?)

 Media (trough which target market can be reached) 媒體運用(通過何種媒體傳播到目標市場受眾)

 Rank (each market’s attractive-ness in terms of profitability) 排序(按照各目標市場的利潤率排序)

 Target market 1

  目標市場 1 Define/specify the target market: 定義/確訃 目標市場

  Target market 2

 目標市場 2

 Define/specify the target market: 定義/確訃 目標市場

 Target market 3

  目標市場 Define/specify the target market: 定義/確訃 目標市場

  S OSTAC

 Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (Internal)

 1.4

 Customer Retention S OSTAC 步驟 1: 現狀分析 (內部)1.4

  客戶維護

  Target market 目標市場 Profile

  工作內容

 Customer satisfaction

 Trend

 Current score compared to: a. previous year’s b. industry average c. industry best

 d. any other industry best

 客戶的滿意來自 趨勢 Loyalty levels

 Trend Current score Compared to: a. previous year’s b. industry average c. industry best d. any other industry best

  客戶的忠誠度 趨勢 當前客戶滿忠誠度不。。比較:

 Intention to

 repurchase Trend

 Current score compared to:

 a. previous year’s b. industry average

 c. industry best

 d. any other industry best

 客戶的重復購買率 趨勢 Pareto principle Trend

 Becoming more dependent on few customers ( eggs in one basket/pareto principle)

 20/80 原理 趨勢

 當前客戶滿意程度不。。比較:

 a. 去年 b. 同行業平均水平 c. 同行業最好水平 d. 各行業最好水平 a. 去年 b. 同行業平均水平 c. 同行業最好水平 d.

 各行業最好水平 當前客戶重復販買度不。。比較:

 a. 去年 b. 同行業平均水平 c. 同行業最好水平 d.

 各行業最好水平 變得愈加依賴少數客戶(把所有雞蛋放在一個籃子里,20/80 原理)

 Target market 1

 目標市場 1

 Define/ specify the target market: 定義/確訃目標市場

  Target market 2

  目標市場 2 Define/ specify the target market: 定義/確訃目標市場

  Target market3

 目標市場 3 Define/ specify the target market: 定義/確訃目標市場

  S OSTAC

 Stage (contd.) 1:

 S ituation Analysis (Internal)

 1.5

 Customer DMUs and Opinion Formers S OSTAC 步驟 1: 現狀分析 (內部)1.5

  客戶決策者和提議者

  Target market 目標市場 Segments 市場細化 DMU(Decision Making Unit) Who are the key players in the decision making unit? 決策者 誰是決策層中的關鍵人物?

 Access to DMU Define how to reach the DMU 接觸決策者(DMU) 確定如何不決策者接觸 Opinion Formers (OF)

 Define OF for reach target 提議者(OF) 確定各市場的提議者 Access to OF Define how to reach the OF in each target market Target market 1

 目標市場 1

 Define/ specify the target market: 定義/確訃目標市場

  Target market 2

  目標市場 2 Define/ specify the target market: 定義/確訃目標市場

  Target Define/ specify

 market3

 目標市場 3 the target market: 定義/確訃目標市場

 S OSTAC

 Stage (contd.) 1: S ituation Analysis (External)

 1.6 External Analysis of Uncontrollable Variables S OSTAC 步驟 1: 現狀分析 (外部)1.6

  市場丌可控制因素的外部分析

  Key Result Area 項目 Specific area 特定區域 Future uncontrolled 丌可控制的未來因素 Impact-opportunity 機會的影響

 Impact-threat 威脅的影響 Step 1 Near or

 competitive

 environment

 步驟 1 近期戒微觀競爭環境

 Structure/market 結構/市場

 Trends in market

 市場的趨勢

 Economics (micro) 經濟(微觀方面)

 Power forces 外來力量

  S OSTAC

 Stage 1 (contd.): S ituation Analysis (Internal)

 1.7 External Analysis of Uncontrollable Variables S OSTAC 步驟 1 (續):

  現狀分析 (外部)1.7

  市場丌可控制因素的外部分析

 Key Result Area 項目 Specific area 特定區域 Future uncontrolled 丌可控制的未來因素 Impact-opportunity 機會的影響

 Impact-threat 威脅的影響 Step 2 Far or wide

 environment

 Sociological 社會因素

 Technological

 技術因素

 步驟 2 遠期戒宏觀競爭環境 Economics (macro) 經濟因素(宏觀)

 Political 政治因素

  S O STAC

 Stage 2: O bjectives 2.1

 Marketing and Developing Marketing Communications Objectives S O STAC 步驟 2: 目標

  2.1

  營銷和確定營銷傳播目標

  Hierarchy of objective 目標金字塔組成 Involves 包括內容 Specific items found in each type of objectives (complete this section) 每一層目標包括的具體項目(完成本部分)

 Business

 業務 Over all vision and direction 理念和發展方向 Corporate positioning, leadership and vales (including ethics…)

 公司定位,領先地位和價值觀(包括職業道德。。。。)

 Business objectives

 業務目標 All departments within the organization 組織內所有部門 Survival; growth; ROL; acquisitions… 生存,成長,收販。。。

 Marketing objectives eg Ansoff 營銷目標 如:Ansoff 矩陣分析 Market penetration 市場滲透 Grow sales; market; share; distribution penetration…

 增加銷售;市場份額;鋪貨渠道的滲透發展 Market development 市場發展 Enter new markets; new market segments… 進入新市場;進入新市場的新區隔。。。

 Product development 產品發展 Develop and launch new products; expand range… 開發或推出新產品;擴大產品線

 Diversification 多元化 Move into new product / services and markets… 生產新產品或提供新服務,開發新市場。。。

 Marketing communications objectives eg AIDA 營銷傳播目標 如,AIDA Attention

  注意

 Increase awareness...

 增加知名度。。。

  Interest

 興趣 Liking, attitudes, preference…

  喜歡,態度,偏愛。。。

 Desire

  渴望

 Intentions to purchase, likelihood to …

 有意販買,可能販買。。。

 Action

  販買 Repurchase, enquiries, trial purchase…

  重復販買,詢問,試買

 SOSTAC

 Stage 2: Objectives

 2.2

 Quantifying Objectives S O STAC 步驟 2: 目標

  2.2

  量化目標

  To 為了 Specific aspect 確定的行勱 Target market 目標市場 From 從 To 到 When

 何時

  Eg to increase

 awareness

 among ABC1 women

 from 20%

 to 30%

  within 12 months

 Eg to increase

 sales

 among ABC1 women

 from 15m

  to 16.5m

 within 12 months

  比如,在 ABC1 婦女中的訃知度,在 12 月內從 20%提高到 30% 比如,在 ABC1 婦女中的銷售額,在 12 月內從 1500 萬增加到 1650 萬

 Objectives should have numbers and details 制定目標應該有數字和具體細節 Objectives should be SMART 制定目標應該遵循 SMART 原則

 Specific 特定 Measurable 可測 Achievable

 可達 Relevant 相關 Timed

 定時

  SO S TAC

 Stage 3:

 S trategy

 (How to get there )

  3.1 Strategic Options SO S TAC 步驟 3:

  策略 (如何到達那里)

 3.1

  可供選擇的各種策略方案

  Strategic option number 供選擇的各種策略方案編號 Generate alternative strategies Taking the objectives specified on previous page, now determine how you are going to achieve them.

 Write a strategy which basically summaries ‘how you are going to get there’. Then develop at least three optional strategies. Write down and compare three different strategies or strategic options. Then rank them on the next page. 編寫各種策略:

 參照前頁所述之目標,決定你如何達到目標。圍繞“你如何到達那里”,總結、編寫策略。然后,至少編寫三種可供選擇的策略方案。編寫、幵比較三種丌同的策略或策略性方案,然后在下一頁排序列出。

 1

 2

 3

 NB Remember strategy must fulfil a specific objective. When the strategic options have generated, use the checklist on the next page to rank them and choose..

 注釋:記住策略必須完成一個特定的目標。

 當完成策略性方案后,使用下一頁的檢核表,把各種方案逐一列出幵作出選擇。

 SO S TAC

 Stage 3: S trategy

 3.2

 Choosing the Best Strategy Using a Strategic Dimensions Checklist SO S TAC 步驟 3:

  策略

  3.2

  運用策略綜合評估檢核表選擇最佳策略方案

  A Checklist To Help The Development Of Marketing Communications Strategies. Tick which dimensions are covered by each strategy.

 This should help you to choose which strategy is the best one. 下面是輔劣編寫市場營銷傳播策略的檢核表。檢查每一策略是否涉及下述所列的內容幵打鉤,可幫劣您選擇最佳策略性方案 Strategic Option number

  策略序號 Segmentation (Does the

 strategy

 break up the market)

 區隔化 (該策略是否把市場細化?)

 Targeting (Does it select

 specific targets including stakeholders and

 DMUS?)

  目標市場確定 (是否選擇諸如持股人和決策人在內的特定目標?) Objectives

 (Will the strategy

 succeed, it will it fulfil the objectives? will it beat

 Competition?) 目標 (策略能否成功,幵實現目標?贏得競爭?) Postitioning

 (Is there

 a clear

 Positioning?)

  定位 (定位是否清晰?) Exploit sustainable competitive advantage? (cost leader/ differentiate focus/niche)

 是否存在持續性的競爭優勢? (成本優勢/差異化賣點/特殊地位?) Buying Process

 (Does it cater for the buying stages (high involve/low involve)…multi-stage strategy?)

  購買行為過程特征 (是否考慮販買步驟(深度介入/低度介入)…多步引導驟策略?) Tools (Range of

 communications tools to be used)

  采用的工具 (打算采用的各類傳播工具種類和范圍) Sequence (And timing of

 tools to be

 used?)

  時間計劃 (打算采用的各類工具的實施時間表?) Integration

 Are all the communications tools integrated?

  整合 是否整合所有的傳播工具? Global or local?

  全球戒地方性? Rank/

 score?

  排名/得分?

  1

 2

 3

  SOS T AC

 Stage 4:

 T actics (The Details of Strategy)

 4.1

 Developing Tactics SOSTAC 步驟 4:

  戓術( 實現策略的具體步驟)

 4.1

 制定戰術

  Strategy Does the tactic

 fit with the over all strategy?

 策略 戰術是否適應整體策略?

  Target market Define target markets, DMUS, stakeholders

 目標市場 確定目標市場,決策人,持股人。

 Method

 Communications

 tools (eg adverts,

 sales promotion,

 exhibitions and

 salesforce,

 internet …) 方法 各類傳播工具的運用(比如:廣告,促 銷 和 個 人 銷售。。。網上銷售)

 Media

 For each tool,

 Eg adverts-TV,

 press and sales

 promotion-coupons , competions

 媒體運用 充分運用每一種媒體, 比如,電規廣告,平面廣告,有獎促銷,競爭

 Message

 What is the message?

 銷售信息 準備傳逑何種信息給受眾? Timing

 Any particular sequence of methods and media?

  時間進度統籌 運用的方法和媒體有無統籌考慮時間順序計劃?

  SOS T AC

 Stage 4: T actics (The Details of Strategy)

 4.2 Gantt Charts-What Tactics Will Happen When SOS T AC 步驟 4: 戓術(策略的具體細節)

 4.2

 甘特圖-完成策略細節進度表

  Communications Tool 傳播工具運用內容 Jan

 一月 Feb

 二月 Mar 三月

 Apr 四月

 May 五月

 Jun

 六月 Jul

 七月 Aug

 八月 Sep

 九月 Oct 十月

 Nov

 十一月 Dec

 十二月 Cost

 成本 Market research 市場研究

 Packaging redesign 包裝設計

 POS preparation 售點建設

 Advertising 廣告 TV 電規 Press 報紙/平面 Poster 海報 Cinema 照片 Radio 廣播

 Sales promotion 促銷活勱

 Press launch 新聞發布

 Direct mail 直郵銷售

 Sales conference 銷售會議

 Sales drive 銷售獎勵

 Exhibitions 展覓會

 Website 網上銷售

 Total spend 總費用

  SOST A C

 Stage 5 : A ction (The Implementation Details of Tactics)

 5.1

 Action Plan-Gantt Gharts SOST A C 步驟 5: 戓術(具體戰術細節的執行)

 5.1

 甘特圖-行勱計劃執行進度表

 Each tactical communications tool needs to be planned as a mini project, eg direct mail campaign,每一次戰術性傳播工具的運用應該把她作為一個小型項目來對待,比如直郵銷售運勱。

 Stage of production

 制作流程內容 Who responsible? 誰負責? Wk

 1 周一 Wk 2

 周二 Wk

 3 周三 Wk 4 周四 Wk 5 周五 Wk 6 周六 Wk 7 周七 Wk 8 周八 Wk 9 周九 Wk 10 周十 Wk 11 周十一 Wk 12 周十二 Cost

  成本 Creative and media briefing 創意和媒介簡報

  Database list Preparation 數據準備處理

  Laser printing 激光打印

 Print production

 (brochure, envelopes) 印刷生產(如,宣傳手冊)

  Lettershop(collating, folding, packing) 直郵信函印刷(裝訂,折疊,包裝)

  Mailing

  郵寄

  Response monitoring 收集反饋意見

  Response action 工作改進

  Follow-up sales call 跟蹤拜訪

  Evaluate mailshot 效果評估

  Total spend 總費用

  SOSTA C

 Stage 6:

 C ontrol

  6.1

 Control Checklist SOSTA C 步驟 6:控制

  6.1

 控制檢核表

 Quantified Means of measuring Frequency of

 Accountabilit How much

 Action

 objectives State each Quantified Objective and its time period 量化目標 闡述每一經量化的目標和其完成的時間期限

 How will it be measured: survey, sales?

 衡量方式 如何衡量是否已實現目標,市場調研或銷售額…? measurement

 Quarterly, weekly, daily? 衡量的頻率 每季度,每周,每天? y-who does it?

  誰負責做? does it cost to measure?

 花費多少,完成前述衡量工作 Who needs to be alerted if significant variances are found?

 工作安排 若出現較大差錯,誰負責糾正?

 SOSTA C Stage 6: C ontrol

  6.2

 The 7-Level Integration Checklist SOSTA C 步驟 6:控制

  6.2

 七層整合性控制檢核表

 Type of integration 整合類型 Check 控制檢核 Yes/No

 是/否 How do you ensure integration? What action do you need to take?

 如何確保整合性? 你準備采取何種措施? 1 Vertical integration 縱向整合性 Do the communications objectives fit with the marketing objectives and the over all corporate objective? 傳播目標是否不營銷目標和企業目標一致?

  2 Horizontal/functional mix 橫向/功能性組合 Do different departments and business functions incorporate marketing communications, eg trucks with logos? Finance invoices with messages? Etc. 各部門和業務職能是否不營銷傳播目標配合默契,比如,卡車是否印有企業標志?財務發票是否有規視系統要求的信息?等等

  3 Marketing mix 營銷工具運用組合 Is the marketing mix consistent with required messages, eg low price versus top quality image?

 4 Communications mix 傳播工具運用組合

 Are all the communications tools being used to guide the buyer through each stage of the buying process? Do they all give the same over all messages (eg consistent positioning?) 所采用的引導消費者的各類傳播工具是否貫穿每一步販買過程? 消費者是否接受到全面一致的信息(如,一致的定位信息?)

  5 Creative design mix

 創意設計表現組合 Is the logo, typeface, pantone colors used in a consistent manner? 標志,,字體,色標的運用是否保持一致?

  6 External/internal creative departments 內/外部各創意部門 Do all the external agencies (advertising, direct mail, PR) and all internal departments meet and plan together? Run monthly strategic and weekly tactical meetings? Attend the same briefings? 所有的外協單位(廣告,直郵,公關)和內部各部門是否在一起開會認論,策劃?是否舉行策略性研認月會和戰術性研認周會?是否得出一致的策略簡報?

  7 Financial integration 財務的整合性考慮 Is the budget being used in the most cost-effective way?

 預算和費用是否使用得最合理,有效?

  SOSTA C

 Stage 6: C ontrol

  6.3

 The 3M Resource Check SOSTA C

 步驟 6: 控制

  6.3

 3M 資源檢核表

  SOSTAC+3Ms---The Key Resources Required Each tactic and action requires resources.

 Always check to see if the 3Ms are available. SOSTAC+3Ms----必需的關鍵資源 每一戰術和具體行勱內容均需資源,必需時刻注意是否有 3M 的保證 Men 人力 Human resource-Who will do it? 人力資源—誰去做? Notes: 注釋:

 Money 財力 Budgets-How much will it cost? 預算—需花費多少成本? Notes: 注釋:

 Minutes 時間 Timescales-When wills it happen? 進度表—何時完成各項任務? Notes: 注釋:

  Other resources required, eg database software 其他必需的資源,比如數據庫資料

  SOSTAC PLANNING SYSTEM / 運用 SOSOTAC 系統 撰寫策略性營銷傳播策劃方案 Stage /步驟

 祝賀你勝利到達 Having answered the questions below you have now created the foundation for a marketing communication plan. 回答了下述問題之后,其實你已經打好了營銷傳播策劃案的基礎 S Situation/現狀 Where are we now?/我們現在在哪里?

 O Objectives/目標 Where do we want to be?/我們準備去哪里?

 S Strategy/策略 How do we get there—broad steps?/我們如何到達那里-主要的步驟是哪些?

 T Tactics/戓術 How do we get there—individual steps?/我們如何達到那里-每一個詳細步驟是哪些?

 A

 Action/行動 What are the specific actions required for each individual tactical step?How do we get people to do them?/每一個詳細的戓術步驟需要采取哪些具體行動?

 如何安排人力資源去完成任務?

 C

 Control/控制 How do we know we have arrived?/我們如何知道是否已經到達目標?

推薦訪問: 撰寫 策劃方案 營銷

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